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The energy development represents an indicator of economic development of every country. The energy sector is of key importance for further economic and particularly industrial growth of Serbia. The most important elements of the Serbia’s energy sector include: safe and reliable energy supply, transition towards sustainable energy system where technologies are used which are acceptable in terms of environmental protection, with increased energy efficiency (EE) and large share of renewable energy sources (RES). Also, the focus is on the development of the energy market and the already present strong investment policy.
Serbia is a member of the Energy Community, an international organization whose goal is to create a regulatory framework in line with EU regulations in the field of energy in South East Europe as well as to integrate the electricity and natural gas market with the EU market. We have an outstanding role in its work.
In the process of accession of the Republic of Serbia to the EU, within Chapter 15 - Energy, Serbia is working on the transfer of EU legislation, as well as on the implementation of the adopted regulations, thus adapting its energy system, as well as the nuclear safety and protection against ionizing radiation to those in the European Union. This primarily relates to the area of competition and state aid, the opening of the electricity and natural gas market, the improvement of the conditions for increasing the share of renewable energy, energy efficiency, crisis management and the establishment of mandatory reserves of oil and oil derivatives, nuclear safety and ionizing radiation protection.
Non-renewable sources of energy are disappearing, and with time, the use of these sources for generating energy will be significantly more expensive. Consequences of irrational use would be disastrous for the environment. These consequences have not bypassed our country either. Serbia is a signatory of the Paris Agreement, global agreement for combatting climate change. By ratification of the Agreement in the Serbian National Assembly in 2017, Serbia has made a commitment that it will contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emission on a global level. Moving to cleaner technologies and use of renewable energy sources will play an important role in this regard.
During the reporting period, which refers to the year 2020, the Republic of Serbia maintained a constant growth in the construction of new capacities for the production of electricity from RES. By 31 December 2020, within the system of incentive measures, a total of 266 power plants using RES with a total installed capacity of 514,603 MW were built, and by the end of May 2022, a total of 284 power plants using RES with a total installed capacity of 537,775 MW were built. The share of RES in BFPE in 2020 is 26.30 percent, out of the planned 27 percent, and records a 4.86 percent increase compared to 2019.
In the previous period, in the field of renewable energy sources, the Republic of Serbia drafted a series of by-laws that significantly improved the business environment for developing projects in this area. Bearing in mind the need to create a comprehensive regulatory framework that will trigger even more dynamic growth of renewable energy sources in our country, the legislation in this area was reformed and the Law on the Use of Renewable Energy Sources adopted. The need for reform arose from the need for the Republic of Serbia to harmonise its policy in the process of European integration with the new regulations of the European Union in the field of renewable energy sources and its ambitious goals.
Since the Energy Efficiency Strategy recognizes energy efficiency as a "new domestic source of energy", special attention is paid to energy efficiency measures to reduce energy consumption. An additional accent was placed on the education of the population and the economy. By raising awareness about the importance of energy efficiency, as well as its wide application, we will achieve several effects - from reduction in energy consumption for heating to improvement of the competitiveness of the domestic economy, which in this sense will consume less energy, which will, consequently, boost the competitiveness of Serbian producers on domestic as well as on demanding European and world markets.
It can be said freely that in Serbia, in the energy sector, a strong investment cycle has been launched in recent years, that this strategically important sector, after many years, has finally received an additional impulse, which will have a major impact on ensuring the certainty of supply of energy to citizens and economy, reduction of import dependency, increase of energy efficiency and greater use of RES.